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The 1999–2000 South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season was the first on record in which two storms – Leon-Eline and Hudah – struck Mozambique at tropical cyclone intensity, or with maximum sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph). The most notable storm of the season was Eline, which was the longest-lasting storm on record in the basin. It lasted for 29 days while traversing the southern Indian Ocean, making the strongest landfall in decades along eastern Madagascar in late February. The storm was the first in a series of three storms that struck the country in early 2000, along with Gloria in March and Hudah in April. Collectively, the three storms killed at least 316 people. The season started on November 1, 1999, and ended for most of the basin on April 30, 2000; for Mauritius and the Seychelles, the season continued until May 15. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the basin; Despite the destructive nature of the season, it began later than usual. Cyclone Astride originated toward the end of December, bringing rainfall and gusty winds to northern Madagascar while in the region. In January, cyclones Babiola and Connie both formed east of Madagascar and took southerly tracks. Connie passed near Réunion island, producing of rainfall in the mountainous peaks and killing two people. Eline, the longest lasting storm of the season, struck Mozambique while the country was experiencing its worst flooding in 50 years, collectively causing around 700 deaths and about $500 million in damage. The storm also killed 12 people in Zimbabwe and 21 in South Africa. Just two weeks after Eline struck Madagascar, Tropical Storm Gloria affected the same general region, bringing additional deaths and damage. Cyclone Hudah in April was the strongest storm of the season, reaching peak 10 minute winds of 220 km/h (140 mph). It caused three deaths in Mozambique, although its effects were worse in Madagascar, where there were 111 deaths. The final storm of the season was Tropical Storm Innocente, which dissipated on April 24. In addition to the named storms, there were four unnamed tropical disturbances or storms, as well as one subtropical cyclone that formed in the southern Mozambique Channel. ==Season summary== ImageSize = width:790 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/12/1999 till:01/06/2000 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/12/1999 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:DT value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1) legend:Tropical_Disturbance_<_50_km/h_(_<_31_mph) id:TD value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1) legend:Tropical_Depression_=_51–62_km/h_(32–38_mph) id:MS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Moderate_tropical_Storm_=_63–88_km/h_(39–54_mph) id:SS value:rgb(0.80,1,1) legend:Severe_Tropical_Storm_=_89–117_km/h_(55–73_mph) id:TC value:rgb(1,1,0.80) legend:Tropical_Cyclone_=_118–165_km/h_(74–102_mph) id:IT value:rgb(1,0.76,0.25) legend:Intense_=_166–212_km/h_(103–132_mph) id:VI value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Very_Intense_>_212_km/h_(_>_132_mph) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:23/12/1999 till:03/01/2000 color:SS text:"Astride" from:03/01/2000 till:12/01/2000 color:TC text:"Babiola" from:12/01/2000 till:24/01/2000 color:DT text:"03" from:25/01/2000 till:01/02/2000 color:IT text:"Connie from:30/01/2000 till:07/02/2000 color:MS text:"Damienne" from:08/02/2000 till:01/03/2000 color:IT text:"Leon-Eline" barset:break from:18/02/2000 till:24/02/2000 color:SS text:"Felicia" from:27/02/2000 till:10/03/2000 color:SS text:"Gloria from:01/03/2000 till:11/03/2000 color:TD text:"09" from:02/03/2000 till:03/03/2000 color:DT text:"10" from:12/03/2000 till:13/03/2000 color:DT text:"11" from:25/03/2000 till:09/04/2000 color:VI text:"Hudah" barset:break from:07/04/2000 till:15/04/2000 color:TD text:"13" from:11/04/2000 till:24/04/2000 color:MS text:"Innocente" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/12/1999 till:01/01/2000 text:December from:01/01/2000 till:01/02/2000 text:January from:01/02/2000 till:01/03/2000 text:February from:01/03/2000 till:01/04/2000 text:March from:01/04/2000 till:01/05/2000 text:April from:01/05/2000 till:01/06/2000 text:May The Météo-France office (MFR) on Réunion island issued warnings in tropical cyclones within the basin during the season. The agency estimated intensity through the Dvorak technique, which utilized the continuous satellite imagery in the basin since May 1998. Wind estimates were sustained over 10 minutes, to be converted to 1 minute winds by dividing by 0.88, as compared to a divisor of 0.80 in previous years.〔 Warnings on tropical cyclones in the region were from the coast of Africa to 90° E, south of the equator. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center – a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force – also issued tropical cyclone warnings for the region. Beginning this season, the MFR changed their method for labeling tropical disturbances, classifying them sequentially by number. In previous years, the agency labeled disturbances by letter and number of the subsequent unnamed storm.〔 The season began later than usual, the third consecutive one to do so. There were no indications of tropical cyclogenesis before the middle of December, putting the season among the latest 20% since 1967 in terms of seasons' first storms. On December 26, the MFR utilized the QuikSCAT satellite for the first time in the basin to assess a storm's intensity. During the season, 14 tropical disturbances formed, which is near average, and they tended to last longer than normal. Eleven of these disturbances became tropical depressions, of which nine attained gale force winds and were named. In addition, four storms reached tropical cyclone intensity, or 10 minute sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph). The 9 named storms and 4 tropical cyclones is also the basin average for each category in a given year. There were 61 days in which a storm was active, greater than the median of 48 and more than double than the previous season. In general, storms formed south of 10° S, with the exception of the first storm Astride, and most storms generally tracked east to west due to a strong ridge east of Madagascar.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1999–2000 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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